Tungsten Oxide

Interest in solar cells to capture sunlight and generate electricity is increasing due to oil energy crisis and rising concerns over global climate change. Inorganic solar cells can yield high power conversion efficiency but the expensive fabrication process makes them infeasible in common use. Instead, polymer solar cells PSCs are a good candidate because semiconducting polymers can be dissolved in common solvents and printed like inks so that economical roll-in-roll fabrication process can be realized. The photoactive layer composed of electron donating and accepting materials absorbs light and generates excitons. Then electrons and holes can be efficiently separated from each other due to the nanometer-scale interpenetrating network of electron donor and acceptor within the whole photoactive layer.3 However, a simple structure that sandwiched the photoactive layer between two electrodes anode and cathode is not perfect enough. The low efficiency of charge collection at the interfac...