Tungsten Oxide

Tungsten doping is a promising and effective way to reduce the phase transition temperature of vanadium didioxide. Doping can improve the electrical properties of vanadium dididioxide thin films, reduce the square resistance of the films, and improve the resistance temperature coefficient of the films. Common methods of doping include evaporation, ion implantation, sol-gel and magnetron sputtering. Researchers have developed a method for preparing tungsten doped vanadium dioxide thin films, including the following steps: (1) The substrate is cleaned, and the cleaned substrate is put into the high real chamber. (2) Preparation of VO x /W/VO x  composite film: The argon, metal vanadium target and tungsten metal target are placed in the vacuum chamber, and the metal vanadium target and tungsten target surface are pre sputtered by the sputtering power source of vanadium target and the tungsten target sputtering power, respectively. When the vanadium target is sputter target, the tungs...

In life, silver-nickel contact materials are widely used in relays, circuit breakers for low current ratings because of their good ductility and low contact resistance. When current levels exceed 20 A, conventional AgNi contact materials exhibit weaker resistance to soldering and erosion, limiting their range of application. However, by adding a small amount of additives, the electrical properties can be improved, thus expanding its application area. Some scholars have studied that adding tungsten or tungsten oxide can improve the performance of AgNi contact materials.  The W or WO 3 , which accounts for 1.5% of the total, was made into silver-nickel contacts (containing 85% of silver content) by powder mixing, isostatic pressing, sintering, extrusion, subsequent wire drawing and riveting. Each contact material was repeated 5 times using the same resistive load in the test. The current and mechanical structure ensured that all tests had comparable arcing energy with supply voltages...

Tungsten silicate is a tungsten heteropoly acid, its appearance is white or pale yellow deliquescent crystal, soluble in water and alcohol, soluble in crystal water itself. When heated, it has decomposition when under 600~650°C. Tungsten heteropoly acid is often used as a catalyst, so as tungsten silicate. Octyl acetate exist in citrus oil, green tea leaf oils and so on, it also exist in fruit. Octyl acetate is identified as non-toxic food by FEMA (the flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association). The preparation of octyl acetate can not be separated from the strong acid catalyst. Due to the oxidation and strong dehydration of concentrated sulfuric acid, the esterification rate is reduced, the quality of ester is poor, and the equipment is seriously corroded. A lot of waste liquid is produced in the post-treatment process, which pollutes the environment and so on. Tungsten heteropoly acid is a kind of green environmental friendly catalyst, in recent years, in the f...

In July 26, 2017, in order to commemorate this gentleman, Baidu search engine replaced the home page Logo. Joseph Engelberg (Joseph, F, Engelberger), father of the robot, American, born in New York in July 26, 1925. In 1959, George DeVaul authorized patent technology to develop the world's first industrial robot, human beings entered the first year of robotics, and since then, the robot has brought great changes to the industry. Today, robots are no longer limited to industry, but are beginning to come into our lives. What will happen after ten years in the future, experts have predicted that after ten years of artificial intelligence (AI) will be the rapid development of integrated circuit, with higher speed, the progress of science and technology will be at top speed. On 2015, Premier Li Keqiang of the State Council put forward the strategy of "made in China 2025", and pointed out that China should enter the strategic target of "manufacturing pow...

The robots of the future need to have high pressure, high heat resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and other excellent physical conditions. They can be engaged in fire rescue, heavy load handling and underwater operation. Tungsten has the highest melting point, high temperature strength and creep resistance, as well as excellent thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and electron emission. It will be an indispensable element in robot body casting, such as tungsten cobalt hard alloy, tungsten copper manufacturing body, can change the arbitrary shape, with a sticky, hydrophobic and high density of tungsten mud, for the robot needs flexible changes in the joint parts. The future robot needs superior intelligence and accurate judgment, capable of autonomous programming, intelligence, medical surgery, and intelligent care, tungsten thorium alloy and rare earth tungsten alloy can reduce the electronic work, so that the material has a high recrystallization tempe...